![]() unable to reduce fracture closed, open injury, associated neurovascular injury).Ĭlosed reduction and percutaneous pinning can be achieved using different pin-configurations and is historically a controversial area. Therefore Grade 2b and 3 injuries are managed surgically with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning +/- open reduction when required ( e.g. Success with elevated straight arm traction has been shown in some specialist centres, but is not widely used and pragmatically speaking, surgical management to reduce and secure fractures anatomically has generally provided superior results compared with non-operative management with both open and closed methods advocated. Grade 2a fractures, with no evidence of rotation, and an anterior humeral line that still intersects any part of the capitellar ossification centre can be managed the same way.Ĭonservative management of significantly displaced or rotated fractures is usually not advised due to high complication rates. These are mostly associated with radial head and neck fractures.Grade 1 injuries with no or minimal displacement are managed non-operatively in a long arm cast in 90-100 degrees of flexion for 3-4 weeks. Olecranon fractures are uncommon in children. This usually occurs between the ages of nine to ten years. Most commonly these are Salter-Harris type II fractures that transect the physis and extend into the metaphysis for a short distance. These fractures comprise about 1% to 5% of all pediatric elbow fractures. One term for this is “little league elbow.”Ĭommon presentation is medial elbow pain, tenderness over the medial epicondyle, and valgus instability. An example is throwing a baseball repeatedly. The common mechanisms of injury are a posterior elbow dislocation and repeated valgus stress. It is more common in boys and occurs during athletic activities such as football, baseball, or gymnastics. ![]() It commonly occurs in early adolescence, between the ages of nine to 14 years of age. It involves fracture of the medial epicondyle apophysis, which is located on the posteromedial aspect of the elbow. ![]() These fractures are the third most common type of elbow fracture in children. Type 3: Wide displacement, the articular surface is disrupted. Beware that a nondisplaced fracture may be subtle and may only be recognized by one of the following: The typical mechanism is falling on an outstretched hand with the elbow in full extension. In an extension type of fracture, which happens more than 95% cases, the elbow displaces posteriorly. Based on the mechanism of injury and the displacement of the distal fragment, professionals classify these as either extension or flexion type fractures. ![]() It is considered an injury of the immature skeleton and occurs in young children between 5 to 10 years of age. It is the most common type of elbow fracture and accounts for approximately 60% of all elbow fractures. This type of fracture involves the distal humerus just above the elbow. The following are the types of elbow fractures in pediatrics: Prompt assessment and management of elbow fractures are critical, as these fractures carry the risk of neurovascular compromise. Most commonly, individuals fall on their outstretched hand. The most common type of fracture in the pediatric population is elbow fractures. ![]()
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